Maximum shear stress theory is a framework for studying how ductile materials might fail due to stress. It is an important criterion to follow when designing safe parts. The theory is concerned with finding the maximum sheer stress value that will ultimately cause a material to deform.
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As stated above, the maximum shear stress theory defines how a ductile material will fail when exposed to the maximum level of stress to cause plastic deformation. When we say plastic deformation, it means permanent. The material will not return to the shape or structure it was before it experienced this stress level.
The maximum shear stress theory was first developed by the French mechanical engineer Henri Tresca in the late 1800s (it is sometimes referred to as the Tresca theory of failure). Tresca is known as the father of the field of plasticity, the study of irreversible material deformations. He developed one of the two main failure criteria for ductile materials, with Richard von Mises developing the other.
The von Mises failure criterion is sometimes referred to as the maximum distortion criterion of failure. It is another way to study and design against failure in ductile materials. The main crux of this failure theory is that a material will yield (ie fail) when any point within the structure has distortion energy per unit volume that equals the yield stress done by a simple tensile test.
The maximum shear stress theory is more conservative than the von Mises theory and predicts a more narrow elastic region where a material will maintain shape. From a design standpoint, this may result in a safer and more forgiving design. However, relying on the maximum shear stress theory may result in an engineer designing unnecessarily costly part. 2ff7e9595c
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